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interlanguage fossilization
Interlanguage fossilization is a phenomenon of second language acquisition in which second language learners develop and retain a linguistic system, or interlanguage, that is self-contained and different from both the learner’s first language and the target language.〔Nemser, 1971〕 This linguistic system has been variously called interlanguage,〔(Selinker, 1972)〕 approximative system,〔 idiosyncratic dialects, or transitional dialects.〔Corder, 1971〕
==Interlanguage==
According to Corder 〔Corder,1981〕 this temporary and changing grammatical system, interlanguage, which is constructed by the learner, approximates the grammatical system of the target language. In the process of second language acquisition, interlanguage continually evolves into an ever-closer approximation of the target language, and ideally should advance gradually until it becomes equivalent, or nearly equivalent, to the target language. However, during the second language learning process, an interlanguage may reach one or more temporary restricting phases when its development appears to be detained;.〔〔〔Schumann, 1975〕 A permanent cessation of progress toward the target language has been referred to as fossilization.〔 This linguistic phenomenon, interlanguage fossilization, can occur despite all reasonable attempts at learning.〔 Fossilization includes those items, rules, and sub-systems that second language learners tend to retain in their interlanguage, that is, all those aspects of interlanguage that become entrenched and permanent, and that the majority of second language learners can only eliminate with considerable effort.〔Omaggio, 2001〕 Moreover, it has also been noticed that this occurs particularly in adult second language learners’ interlanguage systems.〔〔〔Selinker & Lamendella, 1980〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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